你晓得神态动词的具体用法么？各自代表啥意思，用在啥样的语句中？今日咱们静叫胁神态动词有关语法常识。

界说

神态动词(Modal verbs)本身有必定的词义，标明口气的单词。可是不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一同构成谓语。神态动词用内行为动词前，标明说话人对这一动作或状况的观点或片面想象。

神态动词尽管数量不多，但用处广泛，首要有下列：can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)。

因为神态动词带有某种的心境性，比方dare就很强硬，比照负面，而may就比照的和蔼，为了避免在说话时把“谈论”变成“进犯”，宝物们必定要学会善用神态动词哦!

下面这张图帮你理清这些神态动词，标明说话者口气的强硬度从高到低顺次递减，dare最强硬，shall最温文哦~

分类

神态动词有四类：①只做神态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to

②可做神态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare

③可做神态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would)

④具有神态动词特征：have(had) to,used to

方位

神态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中，神态动词则在主语之前。

I can see you. Come here.我能看见你，过来吧。

He must have been away.他必定走了。

What can I do for you?我能帮你吗?

How dare you treat us like that!你怎能那样对待咱们！

特征

神态动词无人称和数的改变, 神态动词后边跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在神态动词后边加 “not”。

单个神态动词有如今式和曩昔式两种方法, 曩昔式用来表达愈加谦让, 宛转的口气, 时态性不强, 可用于曩昔，如今或将来。

神态动词属非及物动词，故没有被逼语态。神态动词没有非谓语方法，即没有不定式，分词，等方法。

He could be here soon.

他很快就来。

We can’t carry the heavy box.

咱们搬不动那箱子。

I’m sorry I can’t help you.

对不住，我帮不上你。

根柢助动词与神态助动词最首要的差异之一是，根柢助动词本身没有词义，而神态助动词则有自个的词义，能标明说话人对有关动作或状况的观点，或标明片面想象：What have you been doing since? (构成结束进行体，本身无词义)

I am afraid I must be going. (必定要)

You may have read some account of the matter. (或许现已)

除此之外，神态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：1) 除ought和used以外，其他神态动词后边只能接不带to的不定式。

假定咱们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，一切神态动词无一破例地只能接不带to的不定式：We used to grow beautiful roses.

I asked if he would come and repair my television set.

2) 神态助动词在限制动词词组老是位居第一：They need not have been punished so severely.

3) 神态助动词用于第三人称奇数如今时的时分，没有词形改变，即其词尾无-s方法：She dare not say what she thinks.

4) 神态动词没有非限制方法，即没有不定式和分词方法，也没有相应的动名词：Still, she needn’t have run away.

5) 神态助动词的“时”的方法并不是时刻差异的首要标志。在不少场合，神态助动词的如今时和曩昔时方法都可以标明如今、曩昔或将来时刻：Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?She told him he ought not to have done it.

6) 神态助动词之间是彼此架空的，即在一个限制动词词组中只能呈现一个神态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be根柢助动词连用：You should have washed the wound.Well, you shouldn’t be reading a novel.

用法

首要它是动词，而且不一样于行为动词，行为动词标明的是可以经过行为来表达的动作(如写，读，跑)，而神态动词只是表达的一种主意(如能，或许，敢)。

用法是：神态动词+行为动词原形例句：I can read this sentence in English.我能用英语读这句话。

神态动词是一种本身有必定的词义,标明说话人的心境,情绪或口气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。

We can be there on time tomorrow.

咱们明日能准时去那儿。

May I have your name?

我能晓得你的名字吗?

Shall we begin now?

咱们如今就初步吗?

You must obey the school rules.

你有必要恪守校规。

功用

助动词(auxiliary)首要有两类：根柢助动词(primary auxiliary)和神态助动词(modal auxiliary)。

根柢助动词有三个：do, have和be;神态助动词有十三个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.

上述两类助动

词的一起特征是，在协助主动词构成限制动词词组时，具有作用词的功用：

1) 构成否定式：He didn’t go and neither did she.

The meeting might not start until 5 o’clock.

2) 构成疑问式或附加疑问式：Must you leave right now?

You have been learning French for 5 years, haven’t you?

3) 构成修辞倒装：Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.

Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.

4) 替代限制动词词组：A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?

B: Tom can.

A: Shall I write to him?

B: Yes, do.

用法要害

can, could

1) 标明才能(膂力、常识、技能)。

Can you lift this heavy box?(膂力)

Mary can speak three languages.(常识)

Can you skate?(技能)此时可用be able to替代。

Can只需一般如今时和一般曩昔式;而be able to则有更多的时态。

I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.

当标明“经过尽力才得以做成功某事”时使用be able to，不能用Can。如：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.

2) 标明恳求和答应。

Can I go now?Yes, you can. /

No, you can’t.此时可与may交换。

在疑问句中还可用could,might替代，不是曩昔式，只是口气更宛转，不能用于必定句和答语中。

Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )

3) 标明客观可以性(客观缘由构成的才能)。

They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.

This hall can hold 500 people at least.

4) 标明估测(惊奇、置疑、不信赖的情绪)，用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。

Can this be true?

This can’t be done by him.How can this be true?

特别阐明：(1) could用来标明恳求时，口气宛转，首要用于疑问句，不能用于必定句，答语使用can(即：could不能用于如今时态的简略答语中)。

Could I use your dictionary?Yes, you can.(否定答复可用：No, I’m afraid not.)此时可与may交换。

在疑问句中还可用could,might替代，不是曩昔式，只是口气更宛转，不能用于必定句和答语中。

Could I come to see you tomorrow?Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )

(2) can和be able to分析can(could)和be able to都可以标明才能，意思上没有差异。

但can只需如今式和曩昔式，而be able to则有更多的方法。

如：I’ve always wanted to able to speak fluent English.

Those bags look really heavy,

are you sure you’ll be able to carry them on your own?

可是，标明在曩昔某时的某一场合经过一番尽力，总当作成了某事，一般不必could，而用was/were able to来标明。

could：有潜能，但并未做到，这时was/were able to恰当于managed to do或succeed in doing。

如：After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.

The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building.

I can sing many English songs.

我会唱许多英文歌曲。

We were able to return to our campsite before the heavy rain.

咱们鄙人大雨前设法会到了野营地。

He was able to swim across the river and escaped being caught.

他游到了河对岸，没有被捉住。

在否定句中，can/could与be able t几乎没有啥不一样，两者可以交换。

例如：She wasn’t able to/couldn’t cook French dishes.她不会做法国菜。

(3) 惯用方法“can not …too…”标明“不管怎么……也不(过火)”。如：You cannot be too careful.你越留心越好。

惯用方法“can not but+ 不定式(不带to)”标明“不得不，只好”。如：I can not but admire her determination.我不得不敬佩你的决计。

may, might

1)

标明恳求和答应。might比 may口气更宛转，而不是曩昔式。否定答复时可用can’t或mustn’t，标明“不可以以，阻止”。

Might/ May I smoke in this room?

No, you mustn’t.

May/Might I take this book out of the room?

Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )

用May I…?征徇对方答应时比照正式和谦让，而用Can I…?在口语中更常见。

2) 用于祈使句，标明祝福。

May you succeed!

3) 标明估测、可以性(不必于疑问句)。

might不是曩昔式，它所标明的可以性比may小。

1. He may /might be very busy now.

2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.

must, have to

1) 标明有必要、必要。

You must come in time.

在答复引出的问句时，假定是不是定的，不能用mustn’t(阻止，禁绝)，而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).

Must we hand in our exercise books today?

Yes, you must.

No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.

2) must是说话人的片面观点，而have to则偏重客观需要。

Must只需一般如今时， have to 有更多的时态方法。

1. He play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.

2. I had to work when I was your age.

3) 标明估测、可以性(只用于必定的陈述句)

1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.

2. Your mother must be waiting for you now.

dare, need

1) dare作神态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 曩昔式方法为dared。

1. How dare you say I’m unfair?

2. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

3. If we dared not go there that day， we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.

2) need 作神态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。

在必定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should替代。

1.You needn’t come so early.

2. Need I finish the work today?

Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

2) dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的改变。

在必定句中，dare后边常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后边可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后边只能接带to的不定式。

1. I dare to swim across this river.

2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.

3. He needs to finish his homework today.

shall, should

1) shall 用于第一人称，寻求对方的定见。

What shall we do this evening?

2) shall 用于第二、三人称，标明说话人给对方的指令、警告、许诺或挟制。

1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)

2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(许诺)

3. He shall be punished.(挟制)

will, would

1) 标明恳求、主张等，would更宛转。

Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?

2) 标明意志、期望和决计。

1. I will never do that again.

2. They asked him if he would go abroad.

3) would标明曩昔重复发生的动作或某种倾向。would标明曩昔习气时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习气”的意义。

1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.

2. The wound would not heal.

4) 标明估量和猜测。

It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.

特别阐明：would与used to分析would可用来标明曩昔重复呈现的动作，但不能标明曩昔存在的状况，所以咱们不能说：“she would be a quiet girl.”

另外，would偏重曩昔某种特定情况下的活动，是完全曩昔的作业，同如今没有联络。而used to则着眼于曩昔和如今的比照，隐含如今已不存在，动作或状况都可标明。

Would可以标明不规则的习气，used to则不可以。

如：He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble.I used to get up at six in the morning.

Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods.

In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.

should, ought to

1) should, ought to标明“大约”，ought to标明责任或责任，比should口气重。

1. I should help her because she is in trouble.

2. You ought to take care of the baby.

2) 标明?怠⒅髡藕椭噶睢?/p>

should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。

1. You should / ought to go to class right away.

2. Should I open the window?

3) 标明估测，should , ought to (客观估测), must(片面估测)。

1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)

2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太必定)

3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)

4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(宛转)

神态动词+不定式结束式(have done)

1) can / could + have done在必定句中标明“正本可以做而实践上能做某事”，是虚拟口气;在疑问句或否定句中标明对曩昔行为的置疑或不必定, 标明估测。

1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.(虚拟口气)

2. He can’t have been to that town.(估测)

3. Can he have got the book?(估测)

2) may / might +不定式结束式(have done)标明对曩昔行为的估测。

不能用于疑问句中，没有虚拟口气的用法。Might所标明的可以性比may小。

1. He may not have finished the work .

2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.

3)must +不定式结束式(have done)用于必定句中，标明对曩昔行为的估测。意为“必定、想必”。其疑问、否定方法用can，can’t替代。

参看1) can / could + have done标明估测。

1. You must have seen the film Titanic.

2. He must have been to Shanghai.

4)should +不定式结束式(have done)用于必定句中，标明对曩昔行为的估测。

He should have finished the work by now。

标明“本大约做而实践上没有做某事”，其否定式标明氖亟谫动本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式结束式(have don e)交换。

1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)

2. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.

5) needn’t +不定式结束式(have done)

标明“正本不必做而实践上做了某事”。

You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

5) will +不定式结束式(have done)首要用于第二、三人称，标明对已结束的动作或事态的估测。

He will have arrived by now.

神态动词标明猜测必定：must>should>could>may>might

否定：can’t>shouldn’t>couldn’t>may not>

标明需求，指令时，口气由 should(大约)、had better最佳)、must(有必要)渐强。

有必要掌控神态动词标明估测口气时的反意疑问句。

例如：The road is wet. It must have rained, hasn’t it?

The road is wet. It must have rained last night, didn’t it? (多了曩昔时的时刻状语)

I met him on his way home. He can’t be in the library now, isn’t he?

The coat is too close to the fire. It might get burnt, doesn’t it?

来历：奇速英语

喜爱请多多重视学府翻译哦~