受疫情影响，本市5万余名考生将“居家考试”。

2021年3月4日下午，英语学科践约而至！

当前各科试题现已出炉了，我们要不要第一时刻一同来看独家的解析呢？！

刘凯教师很侥幸做客新文达教育直播间，为我们第一时刻送上英语学科的试题解析，以及高考英语学科出题方向和备考战略！

快快参加吧，本期后边有彩蛋哦，别忘掉扫描参加课程

悄然地告诉我们，这么好的内容竟然免费呢！

嘿嘿，开心吗？

笑………………………………

收……

忘掉告诉小火伴们了

直播时刻你们还不晓得呢吧

英语全网独播时刻不要错失啊

不见不散呢

在这儿请答应Mr.Liu插播一条广告啊，这个刘教师认为：

仍是蛮可靠的！

2021年3月7月（星期六）19:30

https://www.wdzxx.com/

第一有些：常识运用（共两节， 45 分）

第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题1.5 分，共 15 分）阅览下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确方法填空。

A

Mrs. Bailey was important in the educational journey that carried me through school and into my profession. Until I joined her class, I hadn’t believed in my ability as a writer. She 1 (persuade) me to join the poetry society and lit in me a fire for literature. She recognised 2 (I) potential and showed me that I could write with creativity and enthusiasm. Because of the confidence she inspired in me, I’ve carved out a 3 (success) profession as a journalist.

B

Some university students carried out a campaign 4 they celebrated their whole day without cell phones. This move was to improve their relationships with their near and dear ones and to keep them away from the virtual ( 虚 拟 的 ) life. 5 (study) indicate that a majority of young people used their phones during lessons, over family meals or even at the cinema. The problem of phone addiction ( 成 瘾 ) has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists 6 (try) to increase awareness about this problem.

C

The tiger shark 7 (consider) to be one of the most dangerous sharks in the world. Why are tiger sharks so dangerous? First, they like to live 8 waters where humans usually swim, so the chances of an encounter ( 遭 遇 ) are much greater. Second, tiger sharks are so strong and aggressive that they can 9 (easy) hit a person. And third, tiger sharks have teeth perfectly 10 (design) for cutting their food, so it is certain that the damage will be disastrous.

Afel was only a very small boy when he first saw snow in a picture book. It had lots of pictures of children 11 in big white fields. He asked, “Mum, what are those white fields?” His mother laughed, “That’s snow, and they are making a snowman!” She tried to 12 what snow was. Afel didn’t really 13 because there was no real snow where he lived. But he showed great 14 .

One day when he was 12, Afel was watching a programme on TV at his uncle’s house. The programme was full of snow. And not only snow—there were people

15 across the snow. They looked like fantastic birds. They had hats covering all their heads and big goggles over their eyes. And on their feet, they had 16 shoes.

“What are those?” he asked his uncle 17 . “Skis,” replied his uncle. “And those people are called skiers.” At that moment, he 18 to be a skier. He asked his uncle what the programme was. “The Winter Olympics,” said his uncle. “It’s like the normal Olympics, but for 19 where you need snow—ski jumping, bobsleigh ( 长 橇 ), those sorts of things. They 20 it every four years.”

Afel found out that the next Winter Olympics would be in Beijing, in 2022. “Perfect,” he thought. “Enough 21 for me to become a brilliant skier.”

“But there’s no snow here!” people told him. “Where are you going to ski?” Afel

22 them. He made himself a pair of skis from two pieces of wood. He tied them to his feet and practised skiing 23 two sticks in his hands. He practised again and again until he could 24 quite quickly across the sand. He 25 to fly down the hills like the people on TV, but he couldn’t.

“Never mind,” he thought. “It’s a 26 …”

“How will you go to the Olympics?” people asked him. “Our country doesn’t

27 have a team that goes to the Winter Olympics. We have good runners and win lots of medals at the Olympics. But no skiing, no.”Afel didn’t 28 .

So every night, out in the middle of the desert, Afel now practises skiing down sand hills. He 29that the yellow sand and brown earth are as gold as the medal he will bring home with him, when he is the 30.

11．A．drawing B．playing

C．dancing D．hiking

12．A．announce B．stress

C．conclude D．explain

13．A．mind B．respond

C．understand D．regret

14．A．interest B．concern

C．patience D．confidence

15．A．walking B．riding

C．running D．flying

16．A．strong B．strange

C．fashionable D．comfortable

17．A．politely B．hopefully

C．excitedly D．nervously

18．A．promised B．claimed

C．agreed D．decided

19．A．projects B．fields

C．sports D．courses

20．A．gain B．have

C．accept D．mark

21．A．time B．energy

C．experience D．determination

22．A．avoided B．ignored

C．corrected D．criticized

23．A．pushing B．pulling

C．holding D．waving

24．A．roll B．march

C．jump D．move

25．A．needed B．prepared

C．pretended D．attempted

26．A．start B．chance

C．solution D．strategy

27．A．even B．often

C．shortly D．finally

28．A．refuse B．inquire

C．care D．complain

29．A．dreams B．predicts

C．assumes D．realizes

30．A．authority B．champion

C．genius D．celebrity

刘凯教师独家解析：

原文节选：

Afel was only a very small boy when he first saw snow. But it wasn’t real snow that he saw. No, there was no real snow where he lived. He saw the snow in a picture book. The book had lots of pictures of children playing in big white fields. He asked his mother, ‘What are those white fields?’, and his mother laughed and said, ‘That’s snow!’ She tried to explain to him what snow was, but Afel didn’t really understand. Sometimes there was rain where he lived, but not very much, so it was very difficult for him to understand what this cold, ice rain that his mother described was. It didn’t matter. Even when he was only a very small boy, Afel was already in love with snow.当阿费尔初度看到雪的时分，他仍是一个非常小的男孩。但他看到的不是真实的雪。不，他住的当地没有真实的雪。他在一本图像书里看到了雪。这本书里有许多孩子们在白色的大郊野里玩耍的相片。他问他的母亲，那些白色的郊野是啥?他的母亲笑着说:“那是雪!”她企图向他说明雪是啥，但阿费尔并不真实了解。有时他住的当地会下雨，但不是许多，所以他很难了解他母亲所说的这种严寒的冰雨是啥。这无关重要。当阿费尔仍是个小男孩的时分，他就现已爱上了雪。

He dreamed about snow all the time, trying to imagine how it really was. He thought of big white fields. He thought of the big, heavy clothes the children playing in the snow wore. He thought about feeling cold. He dreamed of being able to fly across the white fields of snow.他老是梦见雪，尽力愿望它究竟是啥姿势。他想到了大片的白色郊野。他想起了孩子们在雪地里玩时穿的又大又重的衣裳。他想到了感到严寒。他愿望着可以飞过白雪皑皑的郊野。

Then, when Afel was twelve years old, the next thing happened. One day he was watching the TV at his uncle’s house. His uncle had a big, new TV, with all the satellite channels. Afel was watching one of the satellite channels and a programme came on, and the programme was full of snow. Lots and lots of it. And not only snow – there were people flying across the snow. They looked like strange animals, like fantastic birds. They had hats which covered all their heads and big goggles over their eyes. They wore brightly coloured clothes. And on their feet, they had things that looked like strange shoes.然后，当阿费尔12岁时，发生了第二件事。一天，他正在叔叔家看电视。他叔叔有一台新的大电视，里边有一切的卫星频道。阿费尔正在看一个卫星频道，一个节目初步了，节目里尽是雪。许多许多。不只是雪，还有人在雪中飞来飞去。他们看起来像新鲜的动物，像独特的鸟。他们头上戴着帽子，双眼上戴着护目镜。他们穿上颜色艳丽的衣裳。在他们的脚上，有一些东西看起来像新鲜的鞋子。

‘What are those?’ he asked his uncle excitedly.“那些是啥?他振奋地问他叔叔。

‘Skis,’ replied his uncle. ‘And those people are called skiers.’ Afel was in love. Here was the snow, and here were people who were flying across the snow. It was just like one of his dreams. It was perfect. At that moment, he decided. He wanted to be a skier.“滑雪板，”他的叔叔答复。这些人被称为滑雪者。阿费尔恋爱了。这儿是雪，这儿是飞过雪的人。这就像他的一个愿望。这是完满的。在那一刻，他下定了决计。他想变成一名滑雪者。

He asked his uncle what the programme was.他问他的叔叔这个节目是啥。

‘The Winter Olympics,’ said his uncle. ‘It’s like the normal Olympics, but for sports where you need snow – skiing, ice skating, bobsleigh, those sorts of things. They have it every four years.’“冬奥会，”他的叔叔说。他说，这就像一般的奥运会，但在需要滑雪、滑冰、雪橇等运动的场合。他们每四年举办一次。”

Afel found out that the next Winter Olympics was in Vancouver in Canada, in 2010.阿费尔发现，下一届冬奥会将于2010年在加拿大温哥华举办。

‘Perfect,’ he thought. ‘Enough time for me to become a brilliant skier. Then I’ll go to the Winter Olympics, and win the gold medal for skiing.’“完满的”,他想。“我有满足的时刻变成一名超卓的滑雪者。然后我将参加冬奥会，赢得滑雪金牌。”

‘But there’s no snow here!’ people told him. ‘Where are you going to ski?’可是这儿没有雪呀!”我们告诉他。“你要去哪里滑雪?

Afel didn’t care. He made himself a pair of skis from two pieces of wood. He tied them to his feet and practised skiing holding two sticks in his hands. At first he couldn’t move, but he practised and practised and practised until he could move quite quickly across the sand or the earth where he lived. He tried to fly down the hills like the people on TV, but he couldn’t. He could only move slowly.阿费尔并不在乎。他用两块木头为自个做了一副滑雪板。他把它们绑在脚上，手里拿着两根棍子操练滑雪。起先，他不能移动，但他操练，操练，再操练，直到他能在他居住的沙漠或土地上移动得恰当快。他企图像电视上的人相同飞下山，但他做不到。他只能逐渐地移动。

‘Never mind,’ he thought. ‘It’s a start …’没联络，”他想。“这是个初步……”

‘How will you go to the Olympics?’ people asked him. ‘Our country doesn’t even have a team that goes to the Winter Olympics. Why don’t you take up athletics instead? You don’t need lots of expensive equipment to practise. Our country is very good at athletics. We have lots of runners. And every time we win lots of medals at the Olympics. But no skiing, no.’你怎么去看奥运会?人问他。咱们国家甚至没有参加冬奥会的部队。你为啥不参加体育运动呢?你不需要许多名贵的设备来操练。咱们国家非常擅长体育运动。咱们有许多跑步者。每次咱们在奥运会上赢得许多奖牌。可是不能滑雪。

Afel didn’t care. He found that Jamaica had sent a bobsleigh team to the Olympics a few years ago.阿费尔并不在乎。他发现几年前牙买加曾派出一支雪橇队参加奥运会。

‘If Jamaica has a bobsleigh team,’ he thought, ‘then our country can have a skier.’他想，假定牙买加有一个雪橇队，那么咱们国家就可以有一个滑雪者。

So every night, out in the middle of the desert, Afel now practises skiing down sand dunes. He dreams that the yellow sand and brown earth of the desert is the white, white snow of the mountains he saw on the television. He dreams that the yellow sand and brown earth are as gold as the medal he will bring home with him, when he is the world champion.所以每天晚上，在沙漠中心，Afel如今操练从沙丘上滑雪。他梦见沙漠里黄色的沙子和棕色的土地是他在电视上看到的白色的雪山。他愿望着当他变成世界冠军时，黄色的沙子和棕色的土地就像他带回家的奖牌相同是金子。

文章节选：

http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/general-english/stories/the-skier

第二有些：阅览了解（共两节，40 分）

第一节（共 15 小题；每小题2 分，共 30 分）阅览下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡大将该项涂黑。

A

If you’re looking to buy a gift for your children, why not keep up with the trend and get the best hoverboard?

假定你想给你的孩子买礼物，为啥不紧跟潮流，买最佳的悬轻浮板呢?

What is a Hoverboard?啥是悬轻浮板?

A hoverboard is a two-wheeled personal transportation device. It’s electrical, portable and became highly popular in 2015 in reference to a popular 1980’s movie. Typically, this self-balancing device operates like a powered skateboard.

How Does a Hoverboard Work?

悬轻浮板是一种两轮的自个交通东西。它是电动的，便携的，在2015年非常受等待，参阅了1980年的一部盛行影片。一般，这种自平衡设备就像一个电动滑板。

悬轻浮板是如何作业的?

hoverboard

The device may have many designs, but the mechanism itself isn’t complicated.

Basically, a standard hoverboard contains:

Battery: stores the electrical power. Almost all hoverboards use a high-watt lithium-ion battery.

Gyroscope (one for each wheel): allows riders to tilt ( 倾 斜 ) the hoverboard while maintaining balance and adjusting their direction.

Motor (one in each wheel): provides the power to the wheels to keep the rider balanced and upright.

Logic board: functions as the hoverboard brain. It processes data—your speed, tilt, etc.—and sends information to the motors. This unit controls the power of the board so riders can adjust their speed.逻辑板:恰当于悬浮板的大脑。它处置数据——你的速度、倾斜度等——并将信息发送给电动机。这个设备控制着滑板的力气，所以骑手们可以调整他们的速度。

All the above components work together to control the power and tilt of the hoverboards so the rider is balanced, upright and moving at a controlled speed.一切上述组件一同作业，以控制动力和倾斜的悬轻浮板，使车手是平衡的，直立和移动在一个控制的速度。

Why Buy a Hoverboard?

Undoubtedly, hoverboards are cool. You’ve probably seen kids riding one around the house. They’re a phenomenon and everybody wants in. So, why deny your kids and prevent them from being part of this trend?

Where is a hoverboard legal?

毫无疑问，悬轻浮板很帅。你可以见过孩子们骑着它在房子里转来转去。他们是一种表象，每自个都想参加。那么，为啥要回绝你的孩子并阻挡他们变成这一趋势的一有些呢?

悬轻浮板在哪里是合法的?

Despite their wild popularity, hoverboards have yet to become “street-legal”. Currently, some places prohibit anyone under 16 from using these devices, and hoverboards are banned in academic institutions and public places, like campus buildings, parks, shopping malls and subway stations. Some places have also put speed limits on the devices and restricted their use to bike paths. However, open areas—including your yard—are free of these restrictions.尽管悬轻浮板很受等待，但它还没有变成“街头合法”交通东西。当前，一些当地阻止16岁以下的人运用这些设备，学术机构和公共场所也阻止运用悬轻浮板，比方学校建筑、公园、购物中心和地铁站。一些当地还对这些设备设置了速度捆绑，并将它们捆绑在自行车道上运用。可是，翻开区域——包括你的院子——不受这些捆绑。

刘凯教师解析：本篇是一则广告，归于咱们常见的使用文规模，难度系数较低，同学们多加细心就可以处置各个小题

31. The logic board of a hoverboard can .

A．store electricity

B. power the wheels

C. send information to the riders

D. receive data and give command

32. According to the passage, a hoverboard can be used .

A．on campus

B．in parks

C．on bike paths

D．in shopping malls

33. What is the main purpose of this passage?

A．To evaluate a gift’s quality.

B. To recommend a gift choice.

C. To compare new hoverboard models.

D. To clarify functions of the latest hoverboards.

文章节选：https://www.feedfond.com/best-hoverboard-for-kids/

B

Growing up, Deka Ismail says she let labels define what she could be. “I was a black girl, from a refugee (难民) family,” Deka said. “It was as if I was only allowed to explore in this predetermined box.”

After a high school chemistry class inspired her to think about a career in science and gave her confidence in the field, Deka learned to live outside labels and began making big plans for her future. Now she is about to begin her freshman year at the University of California, planning to become a professor.大学的化学课激起了她想从事科学作业的主意，也让她对这一领域充溢了决心。如今，她即将初步在加州大学的大一日子，并方案变成一名教授。

Born and raised in San Diego’s City Heights neighbourhood, Deka is the daughter of a Somali refugee couple. While some might say Deka’s success happened in spite of her background, she would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be the driven, young scientist that she is today.德卡出世并生长在圣地亚哥的城市高地社区，她是一对索马里难民配偶的女儿。尽管有些人可以会说德卡的成功源于她的背就连但她会以不一样的方法说，她的阅历描写了她，并鼓励她变成今日这样一个有干劲的年青科学家。

When Deka was eight years old, her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to support the whole family. That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to one’s life. She spent a lot of time in the library reading books, and didn’t do many of the things her peers did, like partying or having romantic relationships.

“I always felt like I had to be the perfect girl for my family,” Deka said. “You have to not even do your best but two times better than everyone else. I felt like the whole world was waiting for me to mess up.”当德卡8岁的时分，她的母亲经过在学校尽力学习找到了一份作业，以撑持整个家庭。这使德卡知道到，教育可以使一自个的日子有所不一样。她花了许多时刻在图书馆看书，没有做许多同龄人做的作业，比方集会或谈恋爱。德卡说:我一向觉得自个有必要是家里最完满的女孩。你甚至不必做到最佳，但要比别人强两倍。我觉得整个世界都在等着我把作业搞糟。

Deka’s efforts paid off. The summer before her senior year of high school, she was accepted to the American Chemical Society Project SEED Programme. “She brought both enthusiasm and focus,” Botham, a researcher at this research institute, recalled. “She arrived every day ready to work, ready to learn and ready to tackle new challenges regardless of whether or not she had done anything similar.”德卡的尽力得到了酬谢。在大学四大学前的那个夏天，她被美国化学学会项目种子项目(American Chemical Society Project SEED program)选择了。?戳巳刃暮妥ㄐ模备醚刑炙难刑衷辈┥坊叵胨怠！8刻於甲龊昧俗饕怠⒀昂陀Χ孕掠φ降脑け福还芩遣皇亲龉嗨频淖饕怠！?/p>

When asked what advice she would give to others like her, Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves. “Don’t tell yourself that scholarship is too big or this programme is too competitive or I’ll never get into this school, ” she said. “I was not sure whether I could make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rolling in.”当被问?岣袼庋娜松吨髡攀保驴ň嫠遣灰】醋愿觥Ｋ?“不要告诉自个奖学金太多，这个项目竞赛太剧烈，否则我永久进不了这所学校。”“直到我看到选择告诉书连绵不断地寄来，我才断定自个能否成功。”

31. From the passage, we can learn that .

A. Deka was adopted by a refugee family

B. Deka spent a lot of time going to parties

C. Deka became a professor after graduation

D. Deka’s experiences drove her to work hard

35．Deka realized the importance of education .

A. from her mother’s experience

B. after her chemistry class

C. by reading books in the library

D. through working at the institute

36．According to the last paragraph, Deka advised that students be .

A. patient

B. confident

C. ambitious

D. generous

37．What does the story intend to tell us?

A. Life is not all roses.

B. Practice makes perfect.

C. Well begun is half done.

D. Hard work leads to success.

文章节选：

https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/immigration/sd-me-refugee-science-20210820-story.html

原文标题：

Teen daughter of refugees finds inspiration in scientific research

Growing up, Deka Ismail says she let labels dictate what she could be.

“I was the Muslim girl. I was the black girl. I was from a refugee family,” Deka said. “It was as if I was only allowed to explore in this predetermined box.”

After a high school chemistry class inspired her to think about a career in science, and an internship in a lab gave her confidence in the field, Deka learned to live outside labels and began making big plans for her future.

Deka, 17, is about to begin her freshman year at UC San Diego as a biochemistry major. She plans to go on to a doctorate degree and become a professor and researcher. Her natural curiosity and infectious love for learning radiate from her when she speaks about what she wants to do with her life.

Born and raised in San Diego’s City Heights neighborhood, Deka is the daughter of Somali refugees. While some might say Deka’s success happened in spite of her background, she would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be the driven, young scientist that she is today.

After her parents separated when she was 8, Deka watched her mother work, go to school and raise her and her siblings as a single parent. That showed her the importance of education, she said.

“It taught me if you want to open doors for yourself, you have to put in the work,” Deka said.

Deka, the oldest of five children, would often take care of her younger siblings and help them with homework. Her family lived near the City Heights Weingart Library, and Deka spent a lot of time there reading books from the “American Girl” series, among others.

High school was especially difficult, she said, because she didn’t do many of the things her peers did like partying or having romantic relationships. She also felt pressure to succeed that weighed heavily on her because of where her family came from.

“I always felt like I had to be the perfect girl for my family,” Deka said. “You have to go out there and not even do your best but two times better than everyone else. I felt like the whole world was waiting for me to mess up.”

Deka’s hard work paid off. The summer before her senior year of high school, she was accepted to the American Chemical Society Project SEED Program, which pairs economically disadvantaged high school students with science laboratories around the country.

Deka worked with Rachel Botham, a post-doctoral fellow at The Scripps Research Institute.

Deka did not spend the internship cleaning test tubes or bringing scientists coffee; the program requires that students do actual scientific research. Deka worked with Botham to monitor a cellular recycling mechanism that doesn’t work as well with age or when people develop certain neurological conditions.

“She brought both enthusiasm and focus,” Botham recalled. “She took exquisite notes. She arrived every day ready to work, ready to learn and ready to tackle new challenges regardless of whether or not she had done anything similar.”

Deka received certificates from Councilwoman Barbara Bry and Rep. Scott Peters after she presented her work that fall.

As Deka looks to her future, her life experiences also influence the kinds of career in science she hopes to pursue.

Because she has a brother with diabetes, Deka has considered researching potential treatments, especially those that could more easily reach places like the country her parents are from.

She’s thought about opening a nonprofit in City Heights to inspire other girls there to work in science, technology, engineering or mathematics, known collectively as STEM.

She’s also interested in food issues and has worked with groups focused on food equity and childhood obesity.

After taking a couple of classes at UCSD this summer, she realized that she doesn’t want to choose a specific field too soon.

“Coming in now and seeing there are limitless things I can learn about, I know I want to stay in STEM, and I want to do research and I want to continue furthering my knowledge,” Deka said. “I don’t want to go in with a mindset of constricting myself when who knows if my skills and talents might be used best other places.”

When asked what advice she would give others like her, she warned them not to underestimate themselves.

“Don’t tell yourself that scholarship is too big or this program is too competitive or ‘I’ll never get into this school,’” Deka said. “The reality was I was working hard in high school, but it wasn’t fathomable until I started seeing the acceptance letters rolling in that my hard work was actually paying off.”

C

A group of blue-faced birds step through the grass shoulder to shoulder, red eyes looking around. They look like middle schoolers seeking a cafeteria table at lunchtime. Perhaps they’re not so different.一群蓝脸的鸟肩并肩地穿过草地，红双眼四处张望。他们看起来就像在午饭时刻寻找自助餐桌的大学生。或许他们并没有那么不一样。

A new study, led by Damien Farine, an ornithologist who studies collective behaviour, shows that the vulturine

guineafowl of eastern Africa, like humans, have multilevel societies. In the past, scientists assumed such social structures required a lot of brainpower. But the pea-brained guineafowl are revealing the faults in that assumption.一项由研讨集体行为的鸟类学家达米安·法林(Damien Farine)领导的新研讨标明，东非的秃鹫几内亚猫头鹰和人类相同，也有多层次的社会。曩昔，科学家认为这样的社会规划需要许多的脑力劳作。可是，脑容量为豌豆的豚鼠提示了这种假定的差错。

These large birds wander across the landscape in packs, often walking so closely that their bodies touch. They may fight each other to maintain their strict hierarchies (等级准则), but at other times they engage in friendly behaviours like sharing food.这些大鸟成群地在陆地上漫步，常常走得很近，致使于身体触摸。他们可以会为了坚持严肃的等级准则而彼此争斗，但在其他时分，他们会做出友爱的行为，比方共享食物。

Suspecting the guineafowl might have a social structure, Dr. Farine and his colleagues began a thorough study of their society. For a whole year, they made daily observations of 441 birds. Coloured leg bands in unique combinations let researchers tell the black-and-blue birds apart. They also attached GPS devices to the backs of 58 birds, which let them see exactly where every group went, 24 hours a day.因为置疑豚鼠可以有社会规划，法林博士和他的火伴们初步对它们的社会进行完全的研讨。一整年，他们每天调查441只鸟。一起组合的五颜六色腿带让研讨人员区别了黑蓝色的鸟类。他们还在58只鸟的背上设备了GPS设备，让它们一天24小时精确地看到每一组鸟的去向。

The findings of the research suggest that the vulturine guineafowl have a multilevel society. There are groups within groups within the population as a whole. There even seem to be groups of friends within the small groups. This is the first time anyone has observed such a society in a bird.

And Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular bird’s tiny brain size: “They don’t only have small brains relative to mammals ( 哺 乳 动 物 ), they also have quite small brains relative to other birds,” he said.研讨成果标明，秃鹰豚鼠有一个多层次的社会。集体中有集体，集体中有集体，集体中有集体。甚至在小圈子里如同也有一群兄弟。这是初度有人在鸟身上调查到这样的社会。法林博士还偏重了这种鸟类的大脑非常小:与哺乳动物比较，它们不只大脑很小，而且与其他鸟类比较，它们的大脑也非常小。

According to him, living in this kind of society might actually make it easier to keep track of the social order. For example, if groups are stable and a bird can identify just one or two individuals within a group, it knows which group it’s looking at—no need for a brain that can recognize every single animal. Multilevel societies also let animals adjust their group sizes based on whatever challenges they’re facing. Depending on what enemies or resources are around, it might make sense to travel in a combined group rather than a smaller one.依照他的说法，日子在这样的社会中，实践上可以更简略跟踪社会次序。例如，假定一个集体是平稳的，一只鸟可以辨认一个集体中的一两个个别，它就晓得它在看的是哪个集体，不需要一个可以辨认每一个动物的大脑。多层次的社会也让动物根据它们所面临的应战来调整它们的集体规划。根据周围的敌人或本钱，结伴而行可以比结伴而行更有意义。

“Having a multilevel structure may not require having a large brain,” Dr. Farine said. There may be more birds and other animals out there that, although small-brained, have societies as many-leveled as our own.“具有一个多层次的规划可以不需要一个大的大脑，”法林博士说。或许会有更多的鸟类和其他动物，尽管它们的大脑很小，但它们的社会却像咱们的社会相同等级威严。

38. According to the passage, what inspired Dr. Farine to carry out the study?

A. The guineafowl’s social behaviour.

B. Previous assumptions about birds.

C．His interest in animal brainpower.

D．The faults in earlier research.

39. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．The research subjects.

B．The research methods.

C．The research findings.

D．The research equipment.

40. What can be learned from the passage?

A. Complex social systems can be a disadvantage to the guineafowl.

B. The guineafowl are good at recognizing individuals in a group.

C．Birds maintain social order by travelling in combined groups.

D．Small-brained animals can form multilevel societies.

41. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To present the findings of a study of the guineafowl.

B. To explain the interaction patterns in multilevel societies.

C. To introduce a new approach to observing the guineafowl.

D. To uncover clues about how complex societies are formed.

D

For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended

to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things.几十年来，一向存在着一场广泛的、有组织的运动，旨在致使我们对科学的不信赖，其赞助者是那些其利益和知道形状遭到现代科学发现挟制的人。作为回答，科学家们倾向于偏重科学的成功。究竟，科学家在大大都作业上都是正确的。

Stressing successes isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not persuasive. An alternative answer to the question “Why trust science?” is that scientists use the so-called scientific method. If you’ve got a high school science textbook lying around, you’ll probably find that answer in it. But what is typically thought to be the scientific method—develop a hypothesis ( 假 设 ), then design an experiment to test it—isn’t what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and

sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different things.偏重成功没有错，但对许多人来说，它没有说服力。为啥要信赖科学?就是科学家们运用所谓的科学办法。假定你身边有一本大学科学讲义，你可以会在里边找到答案。但一般被认为是科学办法的办法是先提出一个假定，然后方案一个实验来验证它，这并不是科学家们实践做的。科学是动态的:新办法被创造;旧的被遗弃;有时，科学家们会做许多不一样的作业。

If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the reason for trust in science? The answer is how those claims are evaluated. The common element in modern science, regardless of the specific field or the particular methods being used, is the strict scrutiny (检查) of claims. It’s this tough, sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligation (责任) to find faults.假定没有可辨认的科学办法，那么信赖科学的理由是啥呢?答案是如何评价这些主张。现代科学的一起要素，不管具体领域或运用的特定办法，是严肃检查的需求。这是一个困难的，持续的进程，保证差错的索赔被回绝。一项科学结论只需经过冗长的同行评定才干被认为是正确的，因为评定人员是同一领域的专家，他们有权力也有责任发现差错。

A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, it’s thousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science—the more people looking at a claim from different angles—is important.科学判另外一个要害方面是集体判别。只需经过几十个(假定不是几百个)担任人的检查，才干承受索赔。在气候科学和疫苗平安等有争议的领域，这个数字是数千。这就是为啥当一个科学家，即就是一个非常闻名的科学家，不附和这种观念时，咱们一般没有理由过火忧虑。这就是为啥科学的多样性——越来越多的人从不一样的视点来看待一个观念——是重要的。

Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are humans. There is always the possibility of revising a claim on the basis of new evidence. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (敌对的): that science produces both novelty and stability. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.这个进程会犯错吗?当然可以。科学家们正在人类。老是有可以在新的根据的基础上批改一项主张。有些人认为咱们不大约信赖科学，因为科学家老是在改动他们的主意。尽管真实处置的科学被推翻的比方比有时声称的要少得多，但它们的确存在。但这个科学进程的夸姣之处在于，它说明了一个看似敌对的表象:科学既能发生新颖性，又能发生平稳性。面临新的根据，科学家的确会改动主见，但这是科学的强项，而不是缺陷。

38. How does the author think of the scientific method?

A. Stable.

B. Persuasive.

C. Unreliable.

D. Unrealistic.

43．What does the underlined word “vetted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A. Explained.

B. Examined.

C. Repeated.

D. Released.

44．According to the passage, the author may agree that .

A. it is not persuasive to reject those faulty claims

B. settled science tends to be collectively overturned

C. a leading expert cannot play a decisive role in a scrutiny

D. diversity in knowledge is the common element in science 45．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Put Your Faith in Science

B. Defend the Truth in Science

C. Apply Your Mind to Science

D. Explore A Dynamic Way to Science

文章节选：

https://time.com/5709691/why-trust-science/

文章标题：Science Isn’t Always Perfect—But We Should Still Trust It

原文内容：

From vaccinations to climate change, we make decisions every day that implicate us in scientific claims. Are genetically modified crops safe to eat? Do childhood vaccinations cause autism? Is climate change an emergency? In recent years, many of these issues have become politically polarized, with people rejecting scientific evidence that misaligns with their political preferences. When Greta Thunberg, the youthful climate activist, testified in Congress last month, submitting as her testimony the IPCC 1.5o report, she was asked by one member why should we trust the science. She replied, incredulously, “because it’s science!”

For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by regulated industries and libertarian think-tanks whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the universe (the Earth does revolve around the sun, rather than the other way around) to the relativity of time and space (relativistic corrections are needed to make global positioning systems work).

That answer isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not persuasive. After all, just because scientists more than 400 years ago were right about the structure of the solar system doesn’t prove that a different group of scientists are right about a different issue today.

An alternative answer to the question—Why trust science?—is that scientists use “the scientific method.” If you’ve got a high school science textbook lying around the house, you’ll probably find that answer in it. But this answer is wrong. But what is typically asserted to be the scientific method—develop a hypothesis, then design an experiment to test it—isn’t what scientists actually do. Historians of science have shown that scientists use many different methods, and these methods have change with time. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented, old ones get abandoned, and any particular juncture scientists can be found doing many different things. And that’s a good thing, because the so-called scientific method doesn’t work. False theories can yield true results, so even if an experiment works, it doesn’t prove that the theory it was designed to test it is true. There also might be many different theories that could yield that same experimental result. Conversely, if the experiment fails, it doesn’t prove the theory is wrong; it could be that the experiment was badly designed or there was a fault in one of the instruments.

If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the warrant for trust in science? How can we justify using scientific knowledge—as Greta Thunberg and many others insist that we must—in making difficult personal and public decisions?

The answer is not the methods by which scientists generate claims, but the methods by which those claims are evaluated. The common element in modern science, regardless of the specific field or the particular methods being used, is the critical scrutiny of claims. It’s this process—of tough, sustained scrutiny—that works to ensure that faulty claims are rejected and that accepted claims are likely to be right.

A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy process of examination by fellow scientists. This process begins informally, as scientists discuss their data and preliminary conclusions with their colleagues, their post-docs and their graduate students. Then the claim is shopped around at specialist conferences and workshops. This may result in the scientist collecting additional data or revising the preliminary interpretation; sometimes it leads to more radical revision, like redesigning the data collection program or scrapping the study altogether if it begins to look like a lost cause. If things are looking solid, then the scientist writes up the results. At this stage, there’s often another round of feedback, as the preliminary write-up is sent to colleagues for comment.

Until this point, scientific feedback is typically fairly friendly. But the next step is different: once the paper seems ready, it is submitted to a scientific journal, where things get a whole lot tougher. Editors deliberately send scientific papers to people who are not friends or colleagues of the authors, and the job of the reviewer is to find errors or other inadequacies in the paper. We call this process “peer-review” because the reviewers are scientific peers—experts in the same field—but they act in the role of a superior who has both the right and the obligation to find fault. Reviewers can be pretty harsh, so scientists need to be thick-skinned and accept criticism without taking it personally. (Editors sometimes weigh in too, and often their contributions are not all that nice, either.) It is only after the reviewers and the editor are satisfied that recognizable errors and inadequacies have been fixed that the paper is accepted for publication and enters into the body of “science.” Even then, the story is not over, because if serious errors are detected after publication, journals may issue errata or even retractions.

Why do scientists put up with this difficult and sometimes nasty process? Many don’t; a lot of people drop out along the way and move into other professions. But those who persist can see how it improves the quality of their work. The philosopher Helen Longino has called this process of critical scrutiny transformative interrogation: interrogation, because it’s tough, and transformative because over time our understanding of the natural world is transformed.

A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is not done individually; it is done collectively. It’s a cliché that two heads are better than one: in modern science, no claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, it’s thousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single individual scientist, even a very famous one, dissents from the consensus. There are many reasons why an individual might dissent: he might be disappointed that his own theory didn’t work out, bear a personal grudge, or have an ideological ax to grind. She might be stuck on a detail that just doesn’t change the big picture, or enjoy the attention she gets for promoting a contrarian view. Or he might be an industry shill. The odds that the lone dissenter is right, and everyone else is wrong, are not zero, but so long as there has been adequate opportunity for the full vetting of his and everyone else’s claims they are probably in most cases close to zero. This is why diversity in science is important: the more people looking at a claim from different angles, the more likely they are to identify errors and blind-spots. It’s also why we should have a healthy skepticism towards brand-new claims: it takes years or sometimes decades for this process to unfold.

In a way science is like a trial, in which both sides get to ask tough questions in hope that the truth becomes clear, and it is the jury that makes that call. But there are several differences between science and the law. One is that the jury are not common citizens, but experts who have the specialized training required to evaluate technical claims. Technical expertise is highly specific, which is why geologists are not called on to judge vaccine safety. (Indeed, it should be a red flag when we see scientists pontificating on subjects outside their expertise.) This highlights a second difference: in science, there is no presiding judge. The judges are all the other members of the expert community; we accept something as true when the expert community comes to a consensus that it is true. A third difference is that in science there is double jeopardy (or even triple or quadruple…); there is always the possibility of re-opening the case on the basis of new evidence.

第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为剩下选项。

An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from them. 面试就是和或人谈论，你企图从他们那里获得信息。46 There are three basic sub-types of interview: structured interviews, unstructured interviews and semi-structured interviews. 47 Incidentally, “respondent” and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of “interviewee”.

A great deal is provided by this personal contact: you are another human being, and interviewees will respond to you, in bodily presence, in an entirely different way from the way that they would have reacted to questionnaires that came through their letterboxes or to emails. 48 Most people want to help and give their opinions, and they will usually be energized to help by your physical presence.

If you take the trouble to schedule a visit, you can be more or less guaranteed of a response. Most importantly, though, you will be able to relate to interviewees while you are talking to them. 49 You will be able to watch their behaviour which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topic. Because of the primacy of the personal contact, your appearance and tone are important—how do you want to be seen? As “one of us”? As a person in authority? As an observer? …Or what?

50 However you decide to present yourself, it is good practice of course to try to put the interviewee at ease before the interview begins—to talk about the weather, about your journey, about anything that will break the ice.不管你抉择如何体现自个，在面试初步前让面试者放松是一个极好的操练——谈论气候，谈论你的旅行，谈论任何可以打破僵局的作业。

A. This is a ready-made support for you.

B. Its nature varies with the nature of the interviews.

C. You will be able to hear and understand what they are saying.

D. Your decision should influence the way that you look, sound and behave.

E. The information may be facts or opinions or attitudes or any combination of these.

F. Each involves the interviewer in fact-to-face contact or telephone contact with another person.

G.You will be using these clues to make informed guesses about what the interviewees might really mean.

刘凯教师解析：本次的七选五不得不说挺可贵，同学们你们答得怎么样啊？

第三有些：书面表达（共两节，35 分）

第一节（15 分）

假定你是红星大学高三学生李华。你的英国老友 Jim 在你们学校网站上看到了学生参加学农活动的相片，很感快乐喜爱，发来邮件问询。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：

假定你是红星大学高三学生李华。上星期，你报名参加了学校组织的“学生讲坛”活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后次序，写一篇英文周记，记叙整个进程。

留心：词数不少于 60。提示词：学生讲坛 Student Forum

刘凯教师介绍：

刘凯，男，蒙古族，黑龙江省齐齐哈尔人。本科为哈尔滨师范大学英语系，硕士为北京理工大学。美国亚利桑那大学造访专家，澳大利亚新兰威尔士大学ESL研修。2021年加州理工学院言语学双学位获得者。

北京市优良青年教师，北京市级要点大学演示校骨干教师，多年大学一线执教经历，高三大学把关教师，多次参加东城区仿照试题出题作业，教育理念领先，教育作用杰出，多篇教育论文获市区级奖项。

教育部课题研讨员，参加国家十二五课题方案，并作出杰出奉献，参加大学、大学各大学区级试题的命制，多次承担区级和市级研讨课使命。

北京市科技英语优良辅导教师，所带学生在各级英语口语、作文竞赛中多次获奖；刘凯教师将厚实的英语根柢功和稳重的学术思维作为教育的基础，课堂上长于寓教于乐，信息量大，内容丰厚，使学生在调和的课堂气氛下赏识英语、享受英语、掌控英语、运用英语。

曾多次参加高考阅卷作业，参加公民教育出书社、北京教育出书社、外研社等各类高考教育用书的编写作业，有丰厚的备考经历，世界中心期刊宣告多篇论文。

2009-2012年时刻，多次受邀在北京播送电台掌管英语高考大纲解析及英语新课程变革节目，学术功底深沉，兼具偶像派与实力派特征，教风亲热洒脱，诙谐诙谐，思维开阔，屡有奇思妙想，长于引导学生学致使用，对高考意向掌控极端精确，深受学生和家长时刻待。特别擅长英语语法和单词回主意。

海外日子学习十年，社科人文类学科偏疼者；10年雅思教龄，多家出名机构教师培训师；

辅导上万考生快速冲刺雅思写作、阅览，均匀分数7.5分；创始“期间清空”、极简化“关于检索式”阅览法等许多高效技法；

每年雅思考试均在10次以上；均分8+；真题回想精确度97%以上；靠近西式思路和言语辅导学生写作；长于协助学生打破学术写作思维瓶颈。

教学类别有长难句、翻译、四六级考试、阅览和写作；在2014、2015、2016、2021四年考研中，承受其培训的一切考生中有近万名考生获得高分。

资深考研培训讲师；

英语四六级考试天团高档讲师；

雅思阅览、雅思写作培训主讲名师；

六级考试阅卷构成员；

深谙出题规则宽和题套路，对英语的学习规则和办法见地一起。

带给学生的不只是考分的前进，更多的是对英语领会和感知的打破。纯粹的英音、一起的见地、睿智的思维和轻松诙谐的言语，为其赢得了广大学生的认同和喜爱。

高考自愿方案师（2021.03）；

家庭教育讲师（2021.09）；

生计方案师（2021.02）；

国家本质拓宽师（2021.01）；

高考方针解读名师（2021.03）